نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
استاد زبان و ادبیات فارسی، دانشگاه علّامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران
چکیده
بررسی مفهوم ولایت در تصوف و عرفان اسلامی و شیعه، با تکیه بر آیات و روایات، مسأله اصلی این مقاله است. هدف این است تا وجوه اشتراک و تفاوت‌های دیدگاه‌های عرفای اسلامی و شیعه را در مورد ولایت، با تمرکز بر نظرات ابن عربی و علمای برجسته شیعه مانند علامه طباطبائی، نشان دهد. این تحقیق به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده و از آیات، روایات و منابع معتبر از هر دو مکتب بهره گرفته است. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که بنیاد تفکر شیعی و عرفان اصیل در امر ولایت بر آیات و روایات متکی است. با این حال، دیدگاه عرفا و شیعه از جهاتی با یکدیگر مشابه و از جهاتی متفاوت است. از دیدگاه هر دو مکتب، ولایت اصلی متعلق به خداوند است و ولایت انبیا، ائمه و اولیای الهی به عنوان تجلی این ولایت الهی در نظر گرفته می‌شود. نتیجه این مقاله نشان می‌دهد که آیات قرآنی نقش مهمی در شکل‌گیری مفهوم وحدت وجود در تصوف داشته‌اند و به طور مشابه، تفکر شیعی نیز تأثیر زیادی بر برداشت متصوفه از ولایت دارد. در اندیشه شیعی، امامت یکی از مباحث پایه‌ای است و اسلام حقیقی را تنها با وجود امام معصوم و ولی خدا می‌توان تصور کرد
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Wilayat in Islamic Sufism and Mysticism and Shiite Belief, Relying on the Opinions of Ibn Arabi, Seyyid Haidar Amoli, and Allameh Tabataba'i
نویسنده [English]
- Mohammad Hossein Bayat
Professor of Persian Language and Literature, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
1-Introduction
According to the Twelver Shia belief, absolute guardianship belongs first and foremost to God Almighty, and this guardianship is manifested in the prophets and Imams. Divine guardianship is divided into two types: creational and legislative, both of which were manifested in the reality of Muhammad. Then, from the difficulties of the light of that Imam’s existence, it emerged in the existence of Imam ʿAlī (‘a) and the other eleven Imams. During the occultation of Imam Hujjat (‘a), legislative guardianship is realized under special conditions in the deputy of the Imam, the Wali-e al-Faqih, all of whom are within the scope of divine guardianship.
According to the belief of the mystics, absolute divine guardianship was manifested in the reality of Muhammad, and from the difficulties of that Imam, it emerged in the existence of the leaders and scholars of Muhammad, who are not limited to the two sons of the Imam.
The mystics have provided evidence for this claim through verses and narrations that are common among them and also through revelation, which has been referred to in the text of the article. The great Shiite scholars have also proven the matter through verses of wilayat and Imamat, such as verse 55 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, verse 59 of Surah An-Nisa’, verse 3 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, as well as the hadiths of al-Ghadīr, al-Manzila, al-Thaqalayn, and the like, which have been referred to in the text of the article.
2-Research Method
The research method is descriptive-analytical. In this context, the author supports his statements with authentic verses, narrations, and texts from various sects.
3-Results
The conclusion of this article is that the Quranic verses had a tremendous impact on the formation of the Sufi concept of unity of existence, and Shiite thought also significantly impacted the emergence of the concept of guardianship from the Sufi perspective.The issue of Imamate is one of the most fundamental issues in Shiite thought, insofar as Islam is not complete without an Imam, and the true Muhammadian Islam is that which Shiites have outlined with the presence of the infallible Imam and the guardian of God. Because Islam, which is an eternal and everlasting religion, cannot survive and continue without an Imam. This thinking has had a significant impact on the emergence of the most fundamental pillar of Sufism, namely guardianship, although it has been distorted by some Sufis. The issue of the cessation of the prophethood of legislation in Sufi thought and the continuation of the general prophethood through the ijtihad of scholars and Muhammadian saints is a direct impact of the continuation of the religion of Islam with the presence of the infallible Imam (‘a) and the guardian of God, which Shiites have included in their beliefs with specific criteria; of course, as mentioned in the text of the article, the Shiite view on this subject is very different from Ibn-e Arabi's view.
1-Introduction
According to the Twelver Shia belief, absolute guardianship belongs first and foremost to God Almighty, and this guardianship is manifested in the prophets and Imams. Divine guardianship is divided into two types: creational and legislative, both of which were manifested in the reality of Muhammad. Then, from the difficulties of the light of that Imam’s existence, it emerged in the existence of Imam ʿAlī (‘a) and the other eleven Imams. During the occultation of Imam Hujjat (‘a), legislative guardianship is realized under special conditions in the deputy of the Imam, the Wali-e al-Faqih, all of whom are within the scope of divine guardianship.
According to the belief of the mystics, absolute divine guardianship was manifested in the reality of Muhammad, and from the difficulties of that Imam, it emerged in the existence of the leaders and scholars of Muhammad, who are not limited to the two sons of the Imam.
The mystics have provided evidence for this claim through verses and narrations that are common among them and also through revelation, which has been referred to in the text of the article. The great Shiite scholars have also proven the matter through verses of wilayat and Imamat, such as verse 55 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, verse 59 of Surah An-Nisa’, verse 3 of Surah Al-Ma’idah, as well as the hadiths of al-Ghadīr, al-Manzila, al-Thaqalayn, and the like, which have been referred to in the text of the article.
2-Research Method
The research method is descriptive-analytical. In this context, the author supports his statements with authentic verses, narrations, and texts from various sects.
3-Results
The conclusion of this article is that the Quranic verses had a tremendous impact on the formation of the Sufi concept of unity of existence, and Shiite thought also significantly impacted the emergence of the concept of guardianship from the Sufi perspective.The issue of Imamate is one of the most fundamental issues in Shiite thought, insofar as Islam is not complete without an Imam, and the true Muhammadian Islam is that which Shiites have outlined with the presence of the infallible Imam and the guardian of God. Because Islam, which is an eternal and everlasting religion, cannot survive and continue without an Imam. This thinking has had a significant impact on the emergence of the most fundamental pillar of Sufism, namely guardianship, although it has been distorted by some Sufis. The issue of the cessation of the prophethood of legislation in Sufi thought and the continuation of the general prophethood through the ijtihad of scholars and Muhammadian saints is a direct impact of the continuation of the religion of Islam with the presence of the infallible Imam (‘a) and the guardian of God, which Shiites have included in their beliefs with specific criteria; of course, as mentioned in the text of the article, the Shiite view on this subject is very different from Ibn-e Arabi's view.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Wilayah
- Prophethood
- Messengership
- Sufism
- Mysticism
- and Shiism
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