Kavous Rouhibarandagh; fahimeh faghihi; Ebrahim Faraji
Abstract
Proof of God's existence is a core theological question. Theologians and philosophers have long strived to answer it, leaving their achievements in written works. This essay examines the proofs offered by Shiite theologians Shaykh Sadouq, Shaykh Mofid, and Khwaja Nasir al-Tusi (peace be upon them). It ...
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Proof of God's existence is a core theological question. Theologians and philosophers have long strived to answer it, leaving their achievements in written works. This essay examines the proofs offered by Shiite theologians Shaykh Sadouq, Shaykh Mofid, and Khwaja Nasir al-Tusi (peace be upon them). It employs a library-based data collection method and a descriptive, analytical, and critical approach to analyze these proofs. After collecting their views, the data is classified and compiled. The essay then analyzes the views, explaining their commonalities and differences. Finally, it offers critical points and reaches a key conclusion. While all three theologians base their arguments on numerous proofs (Fitrà, Pay the potential penalty, teleological-arguments, occurrence, Motion, Possibility and Necessity), Khwaja Nasir's contribution and the strength of his arguments are considered to be greater than those of Shaykh Sadouq and Shaykh Mofid, with Shaykh Mofid's contribution surpassing Shaykh Sadouq's. However, most of their arguments have been further developed by later Shiite theologians and philosophers.
Fathiyeh fattahizadeh; maryam ahadian; SAEID BAKHSHY
Abstract
The theory of adaptation of the antichrist symbol to the Islamic-Shiite savior seeks to prove the complete conflict between the views of Islam and Christianity about the end of time. Considering the great efforts of the owners of this theory in developing this view in Christianity and Islamophobia and ...
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The theory of adaptation of the antichrist symbol to the Islamic-Shiite savior seeks to prove the complete conflict between the views of Islam and Christianity about the end of time. Considering the great efforts of the owners of this theory in developing this view in Christianity and Islamophobia and Shiaphobia in Western societies, it is necessary to examine this theory and explain its problems.In order to evaluate this theory, the book "Kamaluddin" from Shiite sources and the book "Revelations of John" from Christian sources were analyzed using the method of content analysis. The findings of the research show that, contrary to the claim, there are many differences between the Shia savior and the antichrist of the Bible, and a significant convergence and alignment between the Shia savior and the Christian savior.Among the methodological errors of this theory is the failure to refer to authentic traditions and authentic Shiite sources, and the selective presentation of supporting evidence and ignoring the opposing evidence. Also, this point of view is based on an imaginary interpretation of the Holy Bible and cannot be attributed to it just by a partial analogy.
maryam hassaneini; Hady Vakili
Abstract
The issue of the unity of existence is one of the key topics in Islamic theology, mysticism, and philosophy. It is the central subject in mystical thought and one of the most controversial issues in the history of Islamic theology and mysticism, even among Western scholars. Almost all other discussions ...
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The issue of the unity of existence is one of the key topics in Islamic theology, mysticism, and philosophy. It is the central subject in mystical thought and one of the most controversial issues in the history of Islamic theology and mysticism, even among Western scholars. Almost all other discussions around mysticism and theology in some way return to this issue. Some theologians, such as Mohammad Taher Qomi and Mirlohi, were fundamentally opposed to the ideas of mystics. On the other hand, scholars like Sayyed Haydar Amoli, Feyz Kashani, and Mulla Sadra sought to use mystical theories in interpreting religious texts. The late Allameh Mohammad Baqir Majlisi adopted a middle-ground approach between these two groups of scholars. In his engagement with the leading figures of mysticism, he accepted their mystical interpretations based on the school of the Shiite Imams. This article compares the mystical monotheism of Sayyed Haydar Amoli with the theological monotheism of Allameh Majlisi and attempts to present a coherent and comprehensible understanding of the unity of existence theory.
جواد غلامرضائی; zeinab soltani
Abstract
Discussing nature and its requirements as a common feature among all human beings is of particular importance. Proving the existence of God based on nature has always been one of the challenging concerns of thinkers throughout history. The upcoming research has identified the role of nature in proving ...
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Discussing nature and its requirements as a common feature among all human beings is of particular importance. Proving the existence of God based on nature has always been one of the challenging concerns of thinkers throughout history. The upcoming research has identified the role of nature in proving God's existence based on the thought system of Descartes and Shahabadi with an analytical-comparative method. By examining the thought system of both thinkers, a kind of affinity between their statements is observed, which provides the possibility of a comparative study. In this regard, after expressing the points of commonality and difference in the opinions of both thinkers, the comparison of two points of view has been made. Nature is one of the aspects of commonality and the claim of separation of reason and faith, the difference in the foundations of epistemology and ontology is one of the most important aspects of the difference in the opinions of these two thinkers. By comparing the aspects of commonality and difference, it can be said that in Descartes' view, natural things are things that belong to true knowledge. The concept of God is one of these concepts that the intellect is naturally aware of. On the other hand, Shahabadi considers nature to be the form of human existence, and therefore, in addition to emphasizing the foundations of epistemology that Descartes discussed, he also paid attention to the foundations of ontology. Therefore, many of the problems of Descartes' philosophy are not observed in Shahabadi's intellectual system.
sayyed mojtaba jalali
Abstract
The ever-increasing development and progress of science in the universe has led to providing the ground for man to face the unknown and turbulent future and on the one hand to distance himself from previous matters such as beliefs and religious issues. The aim of the research is to investigate the most ...
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The ever-increasing development and progress of science in the universe has led to providing the ground for man to face the unknown and turbulent future and on the one hand to distance himself from previous matters such as beliefs and religious issues. The aim of the research is to investigate the most important features and consequences of new science and It is to express the existing challenges and opportunities from a religious point of view. Therefore, the research problem is the nature of new science with a pathological approach and a religious approach with a descriptive and analytical method. The findings of the research show that considering that new science is mainly based on empiricism, which has a one-dimensional and incomplete view without considering all aspects of existence, and the scientific and educational institutions of most countries of the world are based on this type. The paradigm and pattern have been designed and targeted; The acceptance of this model by any society requires the acceptance of inevitable harms and crises such as; The material nature of the new science, the one-dimensional view of the laws of the world, the domination of man over nature, the separation from the revealed teachings, the denial of religion with the claim of the originality of science and reason, the negation of metaphysics, the emergence of moral and spiritual crises, and the reliance on the purely experimental method are the new science. Now he is facing it. Therefore, it is necessary to create solutions such as; Negation of the one-dimensional view, two-dimensional explanation of human existence, adjustment of human domination, explanation of the mutual influence of science and religion, creation of a link between knowledge and value, proof of metaphysical ideas and adornment of science with moral virtue, correcting the epistemic base, in such a way that It should be appropriate and compatible with intellectual, cultural and religious and spiritual teachings.
yaser takfallah; hossen modheg
Abstract
The issue of eternal punishment in hell is one of the issues in which there are many differences of opinion between Shia and Sunni theologians; Although the appearance of some noble verses of the Qur'an is clear about eternal punishment, some consider silence in punishment as impossible and impossible. ...
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The issue of eternal punishment in hell is one of the issues in which there are many differences of opinion between Shia and Sunni theologians; Although the appearance of some noble verses of the Qur'an is clear about eternal punishment, some consider silence in punishment as impossible and impossible. are The main challenge in existing disagreements is the contradiction between eternal punishment and God's mercy, by saying that God's vast mercy includes all beings in the world and prevents some people from staying in hell forever and being tormented, this research is descriptive and analytical and with referring to the written documents compiled and compiled and the findings obtained; Eternal punishment in hell is clearly stated in the Qur'an and cannot be interpreted with other meanings. Eternal punishment does not contradict God's vast mercy, but it is necessary and the same as God's mercy. It consists of reaching the limit of his cruelty to the limit of perfection and to the limit of the characteristic form, giving and giving. Now, if the effect of such a characteristic form is permanent punishment, it does not contradict the general mercy of God, but this itself is one of the examples of God's mercy, but it is necessary and obligatory. It is.
jafar maghsoudi; hesamaldin khalatbari limaki; Ali Rajabzadeh almalo; Abdul Mutalib Abdullah
Abstract
Belief in the Imamate of the Twelve Innocents (peace be upon them) is a definite and certain issue in Gonabadi's Sufi belief. They consider Imamate to be the head of the Muslim religion and system and the foundation of Islam. But what is most evident in the view of this sect is the excessive exaggeration ...
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Belief in the Imamate of the Twelve Innocents (peace be upon them) is a definite and certain issue in Gonabadi's Sufi belief. They consider Imamate to be the head of the Muslim religion and system and the foundation of Islam. But what is most evident in the view of this sect is the excessive exaggeration of the position of Qutb and Sheikh. By stating things such as understanding theological language, referring to the unseen, the divine mission in appointing a successor, considering the violation of Qutb's command to be arrogant rather than the right, and such things, they place the Qutb of the sect on the same level and dignity as the infallible Imam. In such a way that without the existence of the Qutb or Sheikh of the sect, the divine authority over the servants is not complete and the true guidance is not realized. . While such interpretations and phrases are related to the infallible imam, and using these interpretations about sect leaders who are ordinary and non-infallible people is a sign of deviation from the fundamentals of Shia Imamism. Communication with the unseen world is a phenomenon that cannot be accepted except with definite and certain reasons, and mere claims without evidence are not acceptable. The article in question deals with the theological foundations of Shia Imamia and criticizes and analyzes the Sufi Gonabadi's point of view on this issue. And the method used in it is descriptive-analytical.
fatemehsadat hosseini; zohreh Abdekhodaie
Abstract
One of the main issues among religious studies is the subject of “salvation”. The question is whether the followers of other religions are saved. Regarding this subject, Three main approaches are considered; Exclusivism, Inclusivism, and Pluralism. the present paper aims to study the viewpoints ...
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One of the main issues among religious studies is the subject of “salvation”. The question is whether the followers of other religions are saved. Regarding this subject, Three main approaches are considered; Exclusivism, Inclusivism, and Pluralism. the present paper aims to study the viewpoints of two famous and influential Muslim scholars from Sunnah and Shia perspectives. The first is Ibn-Timie, a Sunnah scholar, and the second is Mortaza Motahhari, a Shia scholar. Considering, the lack of references in Ibn-Timie and the newness of the subject, the methodology of research was the descriptive method. Therefore, based on the findings from primary and secondary sources, the paper made an analysis assessment. The research findings show that from Ibn-Timie’s view, based on the Quran and the holy Prophet of Islam’s tradition, “Salvation” only belongs to the “Salaf”. But from the viewpoints of Morteza Motahhari, based on the Quran and the Holy Prophet tradition and also rational reasons, all people under a condition will be saved. Therefore, it seems that Ibn-Timie believes in Exclusivism and Motahari believes in Inclusivism in the salvation of other people.
Hosain Rezayi; Mohammad Bagher Saeidi Roshan
Abstract
This article has a comparative analysis of the nature, foundations and characteristics of the imam from the perspective of the Twelver religions and the Sunnis (Ash'ari), and while analyzing the content issues, it has analyzed the two views of two famous personalities (Qadi Baglani and Allameh Halli). ...
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This article has a comparative analysis of the nature, foundations and characteristics of the imam from the perspective of the Twelver religions and the Sunnis (Ash'ari), and while analyzing the content issues, it has analyzed the two views of two famous personalities (Qadi Baglani and Allameh Halli). . After reviewing and comparing votes; The findings show that the perceptions and beliefs of these two theologians are different from each other in the issue of imamate; Because the judge considers the imam's obligation to be a religious obligation - not a rational one - and basically the discussion of Imamate is a branch of jurisprudence. But Allameh believes that the discussion of Imamate is a theological discussion and the installation of Imam is also done from the divine area. Therefore, in Baghlani's and Ghalib Sunni's point of view, the Imam is an apparent government official who, in addition to his worldly position, is also in charge of preserving and implementing religion, for this reason, it is found in the nature and theoretical foundations and the example of the Imam, which is reflected in his shape and personality traits. Kond and Imamiyya have had a difference of opinion. The present article has been compiled and organized from the point of view of two prominent theologians in a documental way along with information processing and with the aim of explaining the real concept of the imam's existence and analyzing his attributes as the final testament of the Prophet.
hosain khakpour; A. khani; H. Zeini
Abstract
The era of Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) is one of the most ups and downs of Islam. In this era, various currents and sects were formed among Shiites and Sunnis. These sects were trying to prove their legitimacy and weaken the position of the rival. The study and analysis of the confrontation of the ...
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The era of Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) is one of the most ups and downs of Islam. In this era, various currents and sects were formed among Shiites and Sunnis. These sects were trying to prove their legitimacy and weaken the position of the rival. The study and analysis of the confrontation of the infallible imams (peace be upon them) - especially during the era of Sadiqin (peace be upon them) - with these sects has an important place. From there, the cave of Imam's speech is related to the issue of imamate and authority, it needs a special analysis. Among the most important deviant Shia sects that spread during the time of Imam Hammam is the Gholat sect. In the following article, a descriptive-analytical method is used using the Pedam discourse analysis method and using the capabilities of this discourse in the form of operational variables and categories. The way Imam Baqir (peace be upon him) dealt with grains has been investigated and analyzed. In this analysis, the following approaches are observed: absorptive, repulsive, defensive, protective and offensive. The main and secondary signs in this discourse can be seen as the following. Prohibition of exaggeration and guilt regarding the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon him), prohibition of excess in the province of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon him), denial of the knowledge of the unseen, rejecting the words of the leaders of Ghali, cursing and cursing .
Mohammad Esmaeil Abdollahi
Abstract
Human nature is one of the most important propositions of belief, which has become the starting point of contemporary insights about man, and it will be influential in the context of any school of thought that is translated. The main problem of the research is: What is the relationship between "first ...
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Human nature is one of the most important propositions of belief, which has become the starting point of contemporary insights about man, and it will be influential in the context of any school of thought that is translated. The main problem of the research is: What is the relationship between "first man", "first sin" and "human nature" and to what extent and what are the consequences of these three, from the perspective of Allameh Tabatabai and Augustine? Therefore, the purpose of this research is to discover the relationship between the three basic concepts mentioned in Islam and Christianity. This research is of the type of developmental research and using descriptive analytical method and library research method to prove the hypothesis "phenomenology of human nature in Allameh's thought system is the purity of human nature and his seeking God and in Augustine's thought It is the sin of polluting the human nature and placing evil in the world. The comparative meta-analysis of the ratio obtained in establishing a relationship between those three concepts and extracting its intellectual documents in two Islamic and Christian readings of the first sin is the main feature of distinguishing this research from similar researches. By delving into this issue, it was found that man has a pure and divine nature, which is the case of leaving his original first, the process of introducing the devil and the speed of returning to the truth, and the corruption of Adam and Eve's disobedience, is only its own extension. which led to their exit from heaven, their deprivation of heavenly blessings and their descent to earth so that man can approach the position of God's closeness by understanding hardships; Therefore, the evil in the world has nothing to do with the first sin, and the result of the existential quality of the system is good.
Narjes sadat Haghayeghi
Abstract
One of the basic issues in Islamic thinking is the question of the purpose of creation. The main question of the current research is whether God had a purpose in creating creatures or whether God is beautiful and does not need purpose and purpose. The position adopted by each of the thinkers is different ...
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One of the basic issues in Islamic thinking is the question of the purpose of creation. The main question of the current research is whether God had a purpose in creating creatures or whether God is beautiful and does not need purpose and purpose. The position adopted by each of the thinkers is different based on their foundations. The authors are trying to explain the purpose of creation from the point of view of theologians and Avicenna. Mu'tazila believe in the finality of God's creation and Ash'are believe that God's creation is not final in order to negate any inherent poverty of God. Ibn Sina has a different view on this issue based on his philosophical system. Like the Mu'tazila, he considers the lack of purpose of creation to be absurd, and at the same time, like the Ash'arite, he considers the existence of purpose in creation to be against monotheism. Avicenna, expressing a new plan, believes that the creation of this world was not based on the goal. He believes that the reason for the realization of creatures is the creative foreknowledge of God's care. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical.
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