Document Type : Original Article
Authors
Associate Professor of Quranic Sciences and Education University, Faculty of Quranic Sciences, Tehran
Abstract
One of the teachings of Islam is "excommunication," which means hostility towards the enemies of God and the people of falsehood, which, as a fundamental pillar of faith, shapes the religious identity of Muslims and has a special place in the Islamic belief system. On the other hand, Islam emphasizes "tolerance," which means tolerance and respect for different beliefs and flexibility in interacting with others. Any misunderstanding of these concepts, especially in societies that enjoy cultural, religious, and ethnic diversity, can cause irreparable harm. Among these problems are social violence and the disruption of social cohesion. In such a situation, how can one act in a way that tolerates the beliefs of opponents while maintaining the doctrine of "excommunication"? What solutions do the Quran and narrations offer for creating a balance between these concepts in multicultural societies? This research seeks to answer these questions using an analytical-descriptive method based on the method of analyzing the content of verses and narrations. The achievement of this research shows that there are appropriate practical solutions in the teachings of the Quran and narrations to establish this balance. It seems that the correct understanding of these concepts, along with explaining the position, relationship, and scope of each, humanitarianism, good debate, respect for the beliefs of enemies, acceptance of diversity and differences, observance of the rights of others, etc., are among the effective solutions in creating social unity.
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