Comparative Shiʿi Theology

Examining the Theory of Salvation from the Point of View of Ibn Taymiyyah and Shahid Motahari

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

fatemehsadat hosseini 1
zohreh Abdekhodaie 2

1 Unevecity

2 Allameh Tabataba'i University

https://doi.org/10.22054/jcst.2024.78871.1159
Abstract
One of the most central debates that has been raised throughout history and among theological sects and religions is the issue of the doctrine of "salvation" and the question of whether the followers of other religions and religions are people of salvation or not. In the western tradition, the adherents of this theory can be divided into three groups: exclusivists, inclusivists, and pluralists, a subject that is not mentioned in the literature of Islamic theology, and if it is used, it is simply a borrowing of the word from the western tradition. This article has analyzed the opinions of two influential thinkers regarding the question of how to save the followers of other religions. On the one hand, Ibn Taymiyyah's opinions have been examined, which have a significant impact on the formation of the current Sunni Wahhabi intellectual system. The current research method is descriptive-analytical and comparative, and the content was collected through analyzing the works of both. The findings of the research indicate that Ibn Taymiyyah had an "extrinsic" view of the verses and traditions and based on this attitude, he considered only the people of the Salaf and their followers (Ahl al-Hadith) to be the people of salvation and called other Muslims, especially the Shiites, to be heretics. And he does not know about the saved people. But Professor Motahari, emphasizing the teachings of the Quran and the traditions of the innocents, divides people into different groups according to their destiny. He considers various degrees to save people. He makes a distinction between a regional Muslim and a real Muslim, a disbeliever and a non-disbeliever, an incompetent infidel and a culpable infidel, as well as a person with good deeds and one without good deeds. Master Motahari Jahlan Qasir considers the intellectually weak and those who act according to their divine nature and have righteous deeds to be the people of salvation. According to the findings of this research, it seems that Ibn Taymeh considered salvation to be exclusive to the people of the Salaf and its followers, while Professor Motahari considered the circle of salvation to be wider in such a way that it can include the followers of other schools of thought and other religions, provided there are conditions

Keywords

Salvation
Ibn Taymiyyah
heresy
Master Motahari
intellectually disadvantaged
Salaf people
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Comparative Shiʿi Theology
Volume 5, Issue 8
March 2024
Pages 233-262

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