sayyedsajjad jafari; mahdi nemati
Abstract
One of the important topics related to religion is its connection with rationality, around which various views have been raised; As today, a group of people talk about pure rationalism as an independent criterion for distinguishing between right and wrong, for this reason, the present study seeks to ...
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One of the important topics related to religion is its connection with rationality, around which various views have been raised; As today, a group of people talk about pure rationalism as an independent criterion for distinguishing between right and wrong, for this reason, the present study seeks to answer the question, to what extent the theory of rationality can be a suitable criterion for answering, with a comparative study of religious spirituality and rational spirituality. And replace religious spirituality? The research method is analytical-descriptive and data collection has been done using library resources. After examining the origin of rationalized religion, the basics and characteristics of the said topic were discussed and finally the shortcomings of rationalized religion were discussed. The results of the research have shown that rationalized religion relies on the foundations and features such as secularism and humanism... based on which it suffers from deficiencies such as: the lack of clarity in the definition of rationalized religion, failure to achieve the goals of the theory, and contradictions in the nature of faith. ...it has happened that in many cases, not only can it not be a gift for modern man; It has also led to pain and suffering.
mohamad shabanpour
Abstract
Khawaja Nasr ed-Din Tusi, as one of the famous Shiite theologians in the seventh century by writing such works as (Tajrid al-I'tiqad) described by the Shiites and Sunnis, has been able to defend Shitte beliefs, especially in the Imamate, by theological and philosophical rules, He influenced his later ...
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Khawaja Nasr ed-Din Tusi, as one of the famous Shiite theologians in the seventh century by writing such works as (Tajrid al-I'tiqad) described by the Shiites and Sunnis, has been able to defend Shitte beliefs, especially in the Imamate, by theological and philosophical rules, He influenced his later theologians even in the Sunni world and they modeled his method and wrote important books. This research aims to present Khawaja Nasr ed-Din's view of the Imamate in a descriptive-analytical approach and concludes that he has presented the Imamate as independent disciplines and has attempted to incorporate all the Imamate discourses into it. Included. Provides a rational structure and puts them into consideration. Analytical and Logical Approach In this study, the views of Nasr ed-Din are examined in two parts: logical, Qur'anic and narrative reasons.
Saleh Hasanzadeh; Ali Karbalai Pazouki; Marzieh Teymouri Shaban
Abstract
One of the disputed issues between Shias, Jews, and Christians is the issue of the infallibility of divine prophets. Shia theologians believe in the infallibility of all divine prophets, although they disagree on its limits. On the other hand, Jews have attributed infallibility to Prophet Moses (PBUH) ...
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One of the disputed issues between Shias, Jews, and Christians is the issue of the infallibility of divine prophets. Shia theologians believe in the infallibility of all divine prophets, although they disagree on its limits. On the other hand, Jews have attributed infallibility to Prophet Moses (PBUH) based on the Torah, and Christians have attributed it to Jesus (PBUH) based on the Bible. Therefore, in the present article, with the Shiite theological approach, the problem of the infallibility of the prophets in the Qur'an and the Testaments has been examined. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and finally, based on the narrative and rational evidence of Shia theologians, it was found that divine prophets have infallibility.
Ahmad Shojaei
Abstract
Discussion of teleology, especially the question of the teleology of divine actions, is an important topic in the field of religious education, especially in the science of theology. For any active and curious mind, it is a question of whether divine actions are impersonal or not, especially in the realm ...
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Discussion of teleology, especially the question of the teleology of divine actions, is an important topic in the field of religious education, especially in the science of theology. For any active and curious mind, it is a question of whether divine actions are impersonal or not, especially in the realm of creation - which is the most important divine act. Is it possible to draw a purpose for divine creation? And if the answer is yes, what is the point? Islamic scholars have expressed different views on the teleology of the divine actions, some considering their basis on the acceptance of the intellectual goodness and rubbish knows the divine actions purposeful, and the negation of teleology of the divine actions requires many bugs that the Imamiyyah, Mu'tazilites, Matridiyeh Theologians are such groups. Others, like most Ash'aries, have rejected the purpose in the divine actions due to their refusal to accept the rule of intellectual goodness and rubbish. Other cults have elaborated on the issue. In the present article, the reasons for the views of different cults on the finality of divine actions
Tayyebe Ghasemi; Seyed Mohammad Hoseini
Abstract
The issue of guardianship has a special place in the doctrinal thought of Shiite scholars and Shiite scholars consider the existence of a guardian after the Prophet to guide man from misguidance to happiness necessary.. Shiite and with emphasis on three religions ,. Imamiyya, Zaydi and Ismaili, examines ...
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The issue of guardianship has a special place in the doctrinal thought of Shiite scholars and Shiite scholars consider the existence of a guardian after the Prophet to guide man from misguidance to happiness necessary.. Shiite and with emphasis on three religions ,. Imamiyya, Zaydi and Ismaili, examines the views of Shiite scholars. And it answers the question, what is the view of Shiite scholars on the issue of guardianship? After examining the views, it was found that all three religions (Imamiyya, Zaydiyya, Ismaili) with emphasis on verses and hadiths believe that the Prophet (PBUH) had appointed a successor before his death, with the difference that from the perspective of Imamiyya, the position of guardian It starts from Imam Ali (AS) and ends with Hazrat Mahdi (AS), while the Ismailis and Zaydis consider the will to be specific to Imam Ali (AS).Keywords: Wasi, Shiite , Imami, Zaydi , Ismaili.
Seyed Sadreddin Taheri Moosavi; maryam khoshnevisan
Abstract
The discussion of this article is about causation, especially active causation, and the author's foundation is to examine the matter through a comparative method between the heads and some elders of Islamic theological sects. In this article, first the definition of causality was stated in the form of ...
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The discussion of this article is about causation, especially active causation, and the author's foundation is to examine the matter through a comparative method between the heads and some elders of Islamic theological sects. In this article, first the definition of causality was stated in the form of a report, then the importance of this discussion was briefly explained from the philosophical and theological aspects, and the difference between the philosophical and theological views on causality was stated, and what is related to this category to Islamic theologians was determined. so that the path of the discussion is well clear. Then, respecting the relative precedence and backwardness of the four sects, the Mu'tazila, Ash'arite, Materidiyyah and Shia theories about causality were reported, according to the same point of view that was relevant to them, and at the end, after summarizing the contents in five paragraphs, the Shia opinion and In some ways, the opinion of Mu'tazila is accepted. It should be noted that the history and biography and views of the four sects and their intellectual developments throughout the centuries have not been detailed in this article, and the sects have been introduced only to the extent that was meant for reporting and researching the causality.
Seyed Mohammad Taghi Musavi Keramati
Abstract
The verse of Mubahala is one of the most prominent verses that has long been common in the context of Shiite and Sunni theological conversations. Imami theologians have sought to provide Qur'anic support for the foundations of the Shiite ideology in the light of the semantic meaning of the verse of Mubahala. ...
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The verse of Mubahala is one of the most prominent verses that has long been common in the context of Shiite and Sunni theological conversations. Imami theologians have sought to provide Qur'anic support for the foundations of the Shiite ideology in the light of the semantic meaning of the verse of Mubahala. Imamate, the superiority of the Imam and infallibility is one of the most brilliant perceptions mentioned in Shiite theological research. On the other hand, Sunni theologians, apart from proving prophethood, have rejected other aspects of the meaning that Shiites cite, and in their theological research, they have tried to take a negative approach with arguments such as the Prophet, the semantic meaning of the soul, Hassanain were child, and the preferred preference on the virtuous, reduce the meaning of the verse to a simple virtue. But Imami theologians, using rational arguments, narrative quotations, interpretive perceptions, literary rules and historical reports, defend the semantic perceptions of the verse; They have challenged the views of popular theologians, the outcome of which is clear in proving the radiant superiority of the Ahl al-Bayt.
Roghayeh hamel; roghayeh hamel
Abstract
The current research is responsible for evaluating the criticism of Allameh Javadi in Tafsir Tasnim on the exegetical opinions of Allameh Tabatabai in Tafsir al-Mizan. These two interpretations are at the same level as Shiite interpretations. The importance of this article is to show the critical point ...
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The current research is responsible for evaluating the criticism of Allameh Javadi in Tafsir Tasnim on the exegetical opinions of Allameh Tabatabai in Tafsir al-Mizan. These two interpretations are at the same level as Shiite interpretations. The importance of this article is to show the critical point of view of Tasnim's interpretation of al-Mizan, so that after gaining the necessary knowledge in this field, one can answer the doubts of the questionersOne of the notable points in Tasnim interpretation is the criticism of interpretive views. Sometimes Tasnim commentators do not hide their free thinking in the field of opinion, even criticizing their teacher's point of view. The upcoming research has dealt with the most important axis of his criticism about the rule of context in verses 30 of Baqarah and 32 of Anfal with a critical analytical method. Therefore, based on the evaluation of both interpretations, citing the rules and documents of interpretation, it was concluded that in some cases, Allameh Tabatabai's point of view and in some other cases, Allameh Javadi's point of view is more sophisticated and closer to reality. arrives .
Seyed Mojtabi Mirdamadi; mohammadali sohani
Abstract
Consensus is one of the sources of reaching rulings, which may be a source of beliefs as well. In the theological books of Islamic scholars, Shia or Sunni, the reason for consensus has been used to prove some of the doctrines. And what is the criterion of credibility and the scope of its validity? This ...
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Consensus is one of the sources of reaching rulings, which may be a source of beliefs as well. In the theological books of Islamic scholars, Shia or Sunni, the reason for consensus has been used to prove some of the doctrines. And what is the criterion of credibility and the scope of its validity? This research aims to examine the answers to the above questions from the most important theological schools, namely the Imamiyyah, Mu'tazilah, Ash'ari, and Matridiyyah. This research, which is of a fundamental type, has tried to explain the different dimensions of consensus with the analytical and library methods and with the approach of rational and narrative reasoning. In this article, the reasons given for the validity of consensus in matters of belief have been undermined. The most important results obtained in this research are that: the fundamentalists of the Imamiyyah and some Akhbaris accept the authority of consensus based on reason, the Ash'arites accept the authority of consensus through narration, and most of the Mu'tazila and Matridiyya also accept the authenticity of consensus through narration. In this article, there is a flaw in the arguments presented, and Mukhtar's opinion is that: there is no evidence for the validity of consensus in matters of faith.
Hesam Emami Danalou; Mohammad Hossein Bayat
Abstract
Philosophical analysis of revelation and divine speech is one of the religious necessities. The humanity of the words of the Holy Qur'an is an idea that has been developed for at least the third century AH to explain how the Holy Qur'an was created. Some contemporary thinkers, such as Soroush, ...
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Philosophical analysis of revelation and divine speech is one of the religious necessities. The humanity of the words of the Holy Qur'an is an idea that has been developed for at least the third century AH to explain how the Holy Qur'an was created. Some contemporary thinkers, such as Soroush, believe that the Qur'an cannot be an immediate creation of God due to the principle of "proportion", Rather, we should attribute the Holy Qur'an to God through the Prophet (PBUH). Accordingly, after he explained this rule, his understanding has been analyzed and criticized after explaining how he applied the principle of proportion. This question is examined in the following philosophy of the relevance of ancient events and philosophers have offered solutions to explain it. This rule does not mean that the text of the Holy Qur’an is made by anyone other than God. Given Soroush's philosophical foundations and those like him which are more in line with Sadra's philosophy, including the foundations of the constitutional unity of existence, it can be concluded that acceptance of the principle of proportion and simplicity of the nature is not essential to the being humanity of the Qur'an, and in its acceptance, also the words of the Holy Qur’an can be considered as the immediate creation of God.
Mohammad Jafar Milan Nourani; majid sarkoubi; Seyed Hassan Al-e-Mojadad Shirazi
Abstract
The issue of chastity of the wives of the Prophet of God is one of the issues that Shiite scholars, along with Sunnis, have taken for granted and have specified in their works. But the Takfiri elements tried to accuse all the Shiites of having such a false belief, under the pretext that a few people ...
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The issue of chastity of the wives of the Prophet of God is one of the issues that Shiite scholars, along with Sunnis, have taken for granted and have specified in their works. But the Takfiri elements tried to accuse all the Shiites of having such a false belief, under the pretext that a few people called Shiites had accused some of the women of the Prophet of immorality. In this way, in the story of Afk and slandering some people against the wife of the Messenger of God, Shiite commentators write in defense of his image. Therefore, this article intends to remind the opinions of the body of Shiite scholars that the wives of all prophets, including Rasul Khatam, are considered chaste, and emphasizes that the incorrect position of some members of a group should not be recorded in the name of all members. What is more, among the elders of non-Shiite religions, there are some thought-provoking sayings about the wives of the prophets that should not be generalized to the body of that religion.
ehsan torkashvand
Abstract
The Mobaheleh verse, which was revealed about proving the truth of the Messenger of God (pbuh) before the position of Jesus (pbuh), is one of the texts that, through it, on the superiority of the Commander of the Faithful (pbuh) and consequently, on the Imamate and immediate caliphate of that Prophet ...
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The Mobaheleh verse, which was revealed about proving the truth of the Messenger of God (pbuh) before the position of Jesus (pbuh), is one of the texts that, through it, on the superiority of the Commander of the Faithful (pbuh) and consequently, on the Imamate and immediate caliphate of that Prophet (pbuh) in the science of theology. It was argued. Ahl al-Bayt (a.s.) in the discussion of the superiority of that Imam over other companions, whether in the discussion of the records of Ali (a.s.), whether in the discussion of his closeness to the Messenger of God (pbuh), or in the answer to the doubts about the Imamate of that Imam in the interpretation and analysis of the verse have been discussed seriously, but so far no focused and specific research has been done on the debates and arguments of Ahl al-Bayt in this field. In this research, in addition to the main arguments and conversations of the Messenger of God (pbuh), Commander of the Faithful (pbuh), Imam Hasan Mojtabi (pbuh), Imam Sadiq (pbuh), Imam Kazim (pbuh) and Imam Reza (pbuh) about the holy verse Mobaheleh, the method of reasoning and answering the doubts of the opponents has been expressed and analyzed in a comparative manner from the sources of the two Shia and Sunni religions, the essentials of the words of the elders, including "Afzaliat", which is the most important middle ground of the argument for Imamate, have been proven in this honorable verse
saeid salimi
Abstract
یکی از صفاتی که در آیات قرآن کریم و روایات اهل بیت علیهم السلام در مورد خداوند متعال به کار رفته، صفت «اراده» می باشد. در مرید بودن خدای متعال بین متکلمان و حکیمان ...
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یکی از صفاتی که در آیات قرآن کریم و روایات اهل بیت علیهم السلام در مورد خداوند متعال به کار رفته، صفت «اراده» می باشد. در مرید بودن خدای متعال بین متکلمان و حکیمان اختلافی نیست؛ اما در تفسیر اراده خدا اختلاف وجود دارد. شیخ مفید در آثار متعدد کلامی خود، اراده الهی را صفتی حقیقی، لنفسه و ذاتی برای خداوند متعال ندانسته، بلکه صفتی مجازی، فعلی و خارج از ذات ارزیابی میکند و پرداختن به آن را از باب ورود در لسان شرع میداند؛ همانند صفات غضب، رضایت، حب و بغض که عقل اتصاف آنها برای خداوند متعال را نمیپذیرد. وی مانند متکلمین معتزلی بغداد هم عصر خود، اراده الهی را عبارت از نفس فعل الهی و مغایر با علم و قدرت می داند. نیز اراده را از همراهی با ذات و در مرتبه ذات بودن عزل میکند و همگام با روایات، آن را حادث و غیر ازلی میخواند، در حالی که علم و قدرت از صفات حقیقی و ذاتی خداوند نزد وی هستند. بداء در مرحله اراده تکوینی به صورت فعل اول (قبل از بداء) و فعل ثانی (پس از بداء) می باشد که هر دو، نفس فعل و مرحله ای از تکوین می باشد و از بداء در اراده تشریعی (امر به فعل حسن در تشریع) به نسخ تعبیر می شود. قدر و قضاء از نگاه وی بر اراده( نفس فعل) تقدم دارد. شیخ مفید همگام با معتزله بغداد، بخاطر عدم انتساب قبائح به خداوند، منکر شمول اراده تکوینی خداوند در همه امور بودند.
Abuzar Rajabi
Abstract
One of the methods in understanding the Qur'an is the method of interpretation. Although this method is used in both the semantic and hermeneutic approaches, there are serious differences between the two. Islamic thinkers and commentators who follow the semantic approach do not face the same method of ...
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One of the methods in understanding the Qur'an is the method of interpretation. Although this method is used in both the semantic and hermeneutic approaches, there are serious differences between the two. Islamic thinkers and commentators who follow the semantic approach do not face the same method of interpretation. Some view it as a general rejection and some as a maximum acceptance of this method. Of course, some also use the moderate method in using it in interpreting and understanding the Qur'an. The Muʿtazila have used the method of interpretation extensively in both theological and interpretive discussions. But the Ash'arites and Imamiyah criticized their approach. Among contemporary Shiite theologians, Ayatollah Jafar Sobhani, in addition to independent discussions in the field of interpretation, also considers the approach of other Islamic thinkers and analyzes their views with a perspective analysis. One of these encounters is with the Muʿtazila and their approach in the field of interpretation. The main finding of the research is that the Ayatollah Jafar Sobhani, while accepting the principle of the method of interpretation, but considers its excess as one of the harms in the field of religious understanding. In this research, in a descriptive-analytical method, we will point out the necessity and position of interpretation in them and follow their encounter with Muʿtazila interpretation
mahdi zandi
Abstract
In most of the works that are devoted to the criticism of Wahhabism, those acts of Muslims which are considered as examples of polytheism according to Wahhabis have been examined. Although the criticisms raised in this way show the wrong image of Wahhabis about the beliefs of other Muslims, what is necessary ...
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In most of the works that are devoted to the criticism of Wahhabism, those acts of Muslims which are considered as examples of polytheism according to Wahhabis have been examined. Although the criticisms raised in this way show the wrong image of Wahhabis about the beliefs of other Muslims, what is necessary is to criticize the fundamentals of Wahhabi thought. Since the main axes of Wahhabi thinking are: Tawheed al-uloohiyyah (oneness of divinity, which is oneness of worship) and Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah (oneness of divine Lordship) and the definition of worship, therefore, criticizing their approach in these cases is a priority. In the works of Allameh Javadi Amoli, attention has been paid to the criticism of the principles of the Wahhabi approach, which is discussed in this article. According to this research, Wahhabism in explaining Tawheed al-uloohiyyah and Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah, criteria and the border between divine monotheism and divine polytheism, definition of worship, connection between Tawheed al-uloohiyyah and Tawheed ar-ruboobiyyah, and disregarding the condition of independence, has deviations that make their intellectual system non-monotheistic.
Mahdi Behniafar; Fatemossadat Hosseini Mahmoudabadi
Abstract
The quality of life of Jesus has always been one of the most controversial issues even among Christians. In this paper, first, by documentary analysis and based on the early Christian scriptures, we have categorized three extractable views of these scriptures on the divine or natural nature of Jesus ...
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The quality of life of Jesus has always been one of the most controversial issues even among Christians. In this paper, first, by documentary analysis and based on the early Christian scriptures, we have categorized three extractable views of these scriptures on the divine or natural nature of Jesus (PBUH), and then examined the perspective on Islamic scriptures. The divine nature, the divine-human nature, and the human natural nature of Jesus (PBUH) are three views that have been examined in Christian scriptures as well as the non-divine nature of Jesus (PBUH) that have been examined in Qur'anic thought. continuing with philosophical and theological analysis, we have addressed the paradoxes and some theoretical and theological difficulties facing some Christian views in areas such as "worship", "unity of the divine nature", the question of guidance, and the question of the intelligibility of God's action. The issue of "guidance" has been considered as one of the key goals of prophecy; that the biological propriety of the prophet with his audience essentially make guidance possible, and then at this possibility, it increases the possibility of fulfilling prophecy goals and favoring prophet and then the guidance, which can be extracted from the Holy Qur'an on the Prophet of Islam and the Prophets including Jesus (PBUH), and accordingly, the Prophet's invitation to the Qur'an was favored. But some Christian views that regard all or part of the nature of Jesus as divine are, theoretically and theologically: 1.the gradual realization of salvation and the concept of "guidance" throughout history, 2. the role of the human will of believers in the realization of this, and 3.The successes of the prophets are challenged in this regard, a challenge we have shown that the Qur'anic approach does not face
yadollah dadjoo
Abstract
.یکی از باورهای قطعی مسلمانان این است که با پیامبر گرامی اسلام« صلی الله علیه وآله و سلم » باب نبوت و رسالت برای همیشه بسته شده و پس از آن حضرت کسی به عنوان پیامبر ...
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.یکی از باورهای قطعی مسلمانان این است که با پیامبر گرامی اسلام« صلی الله علیه وآله و سلم » باب نبوت و رسالت برای همیشه بسته شده و پس از آن حضرت کسی به عنوان پیامبر ظهور نخواهد کردوخاتمیت تحقق می یابد. پس از پیامبر اسلام تبیین و تبلیغ دین توسط امامان معصوم و اوصیاء به حق آن حضرت انجام خواهد شد. اصل و اساس خاتمیت بر چند پایه استوار است که عبارتند از جاودانگی و جامعیت و دارای مراتب بودن دین اسلام و این که کمال دین، آن را جاودانه نموده و پس از طی مراحل و مراتب مختلف به عنوان دین کامل در اسلام تجلی یافته است. برخی از نویسندگان معاصربر این باورند که وحی مربوط به دوران غریزه است و حاکمیت آن تا زمان ظهور اسلام حجیت خود را حفظ نمود، ولی با ظهور عقل تجربی و استقرایی پیوستگی آن با عالم ماوراء طبیعت پایان یافته و باید به چشم یک تجربه کاملاً طبیعی بدان نگریسته و مورد نقد قرار داد وسروش معتقد است پس از پیامبر و ختم نبوت ولایت هیچکس دیگری از ارزش و اعتبار برخوردار نیست ولی ادعای ایشان از استحکام لازم برخوردار نیست .این روشنفکران تحلیل و تفسیری از خاتمیت مطرح کرده اند که با دلایل عقلی و نقلی سازگاری نداردو نتایج نادرستی از آن بروز یافته است .بدین جهت مورد نقد قرار گرفته است.
kazem ostadi
Abstract
In order to argue and prove the issue of Imamate and the succession of the Prophet (PBUH), "theological, historical and also the verses of the Holy Quran" are referred to. In the meantime, verse 124 of Surah Al-Baqarah (which is known among late and contemporary Shias as the verse of the suffering of ...
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In order to argue and prove the issue of Imamate and the succession of the Prophet (PBUH), "theological, historical and also the verses of the Holy Quran" are referred to. In the meantime, verse 124 of Surah Al-Baqarah (which is known among late and contemporary Shias as the verse of the suffering of Ibrahim (AS) or the verse of Imamate) is considered one of the most important verses regarding the issue of Imamate. On the other hand, in order to address and criticize the implications of the verse of Abraham's suffering in matters of imamate, it is necessary to research and know issues such as the position of ancient Shia theological and imamate sources in relation to this verse. In the upcoming research, according to these questions: "1- In which of the advanced theological and imam sources of Shia, the verse about the suffering of Prophet Ibrahim (pbuh) has been discussed? 2- What is the position of these sources in relation to the verse of Prophet Abraham's affliction and the issue of Imamate? In the current research, about twenty-nine theological and imam works from Shiite sources up to the fifth century have been examined and in the end, it was found that at least until the end of the third century and the beginning of the fourth century, in most of these sources, there is no mention of citing and arguing the verse of the affliction of Abraham. A) For the issue of imamate, there is no specific Shia definition of it, and few cases related to the issue of imamate have been included in some sources worthy of consideration.
mahnaz mozafarifar
Abstract
AbstractIssues related to the story of Adam (peace be upon him) on the idea of the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) have been analyzed and interpreted variously. In holy Qur’an, the story of eating the forbidden fruit which was followed by the expulsion of Adam from Paradise ...
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AbstractIssues related to the story of Adam (peace be upon him) on the idea of the Abrahamic religions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) have been analyzed and interpreted variously. In holy Qur’an, the story of eating the forbidden fruit which was followed by the expulsion of Adam from Paradise and its relationship to His creation and His angels and similar stories are expressed concisely. Among them, the problem of Adams' "Infallibility" and "Paradise" has always been disputed in Muslim commentators and theologians. Mullah Sadra and some of his commentators (Mulla Hadi Sabziwari and Tabatabai) have attempted to reach a defensible and comprehensive interpretation by refuting some paradoxical cases. So, they took the doubts which have been raised by the interpretation and explanation of these verses seriously into account and sought to find solutions for them. The purpose of this paper is to review and evaluate some doubts about these two issues and attempt to retrieve their response. The purpose of this article is to review and examine some doubts related to these two issues and retrieve their answers. Also, in this article, the truth of the creation of women was investigated from the point of view of the discussed philosophers, and it was found that women are created like men and a human individual.
Alireza Shah Fazl Ghamsari
Abstract
The purpose of this article is a comparative study of Rashid Reza's views on the interpretation of Al-Manar and Allameh Tabataba'i in Al-Mizan on the issue of intercession in the Holy Qur’an. This article is a descriptive-analytical study of the views of these two thinkers. The consequences are ...
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The purpose of this article is a comparative study of Rashid Reza's views on the interpretation of Al-Manar and Allameh Tabataba'i in Al-Mizan on the issue of intercession in the Holy Qur’an. This article is a descriptive-analytical study of the views of these two thinkers. The consequences are that Rashid Reza, while examining the verses related to intercession, believes that the verses of the Qur'an do not indicate the existence of intercession on the Day of Resurrection and that the only savior of mankind is his good deeds. According to Rashid Reza, there is no inconsistency between the verses of intercession. Expressing a rational argument for the denial of intercession, he says: Intercession for the rulers of the world is either based on ignorance or based on injustice, and both cases about God are excluded. Allameh Tabataba'i believes that the verses of the Qur'an are sufficient to explain the issue of intercession and by carefully examining the verses of the Qur'an, one can derive the Qur'anic view in this regard. The reason why intercession is completely rejected in some verses is that God wants to deny independent intercession, and the verses that indicate the existence of intercession with God's permission prove the existence of intercession non-independently and by God's will. According to Allameh, intercession is an opportunity for God's mercy on the Day of Resurrection, and with intercession, neither ignorance of God will be removed nor will God benefit. In addition to the afterlife effect, intercession also has a worldly effect so that people are directed towards the intercessors. The conclusion is that the verses of the Qur'an have a definite implication on the issue of intercession and clearly state that intercession is both intellectually and incidentally possible
maryam adelnia
Abstract
One of the topics that has been examined in different interpretations is the discussion of the embodiment of deeds. Two contemporary commentators, Allameh Tabatabai and Dr. Zaheili, have also addressed this issue in their commentary and have explained whether the punishment of deeds is evolutionary or ...
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One of the topics that has been examined in different interpretations is the discussion of the embodiment of deeds. Two contemporary commentators, Allameh Tabatabai and Dr. Zaheili, have also addressed this issue in their commentary and have explained whether the punishment of deeds is evolutionary or conventional, based on their own perspectives. In his works, Dr. Zaheili has not raised the issue of the embodiment of deeds as an independent title, but among the Tafsir Al-Munir's commentary, he has presented two views about the embodiment of deeds, which are: the presence of deeds in the Day of Judgment as punishment and reward, which is the embodiment of deeds, and conventional reward and punishment of deeds. Allameh Tabataba'i also in Tafsir al-Mizan, by criticizing and examining different points of view, has proved the issue of the embodiment of deeds and the evolutionary relationship between worldly deeds and the appearance and presence of the deed in the hereafter as a reward or punishment for deeds. Finally, he interpreted the verses that refer to conventional reward and punishment and considered them suitable for the understanding of the people of the time of revelation. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and based on the interpretation provided by Allameh, it can be understood that the embodiment of deeds has no rational meaning
Mohsen Habibi; Fateme Abbaszadeh
Abstract
Al-Ghazali considered the existence of the Imam necessary to Shari'a reasoning and the consensus of the Ummah and considered it useful for the consistency of religion and the world but did not consider infallibility for the Imam. He believes that we need the Imam only in the affairs of the state and ...
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Al-Ghazali considered the existence of the Imam necessary to Shari'a reasoning and the consensus of the Ummah and considered it useful for the consistency of religion and the world but did not consider infallibility for the Imam. He believes that we need the Imam only in the affairs of the state and equipping the army and ... that he does not need divine knowledge to perform such tasks. He, like other Sunni followers, considers Imam to be the people's choice and introduces any claim by the Shi'a as irrelevant to the issue of Imamate and non-sequential. In his view, if the news were sequential, we would never have doubted it, while we suspected it. Thus hadiths such as the hadith of Ghadir and Manzelat merely express respect and friendship between the Prophet (PBUH) and Ali (PBUH), and there is no reason to believe in the Imamate of Ali (PBUH).On the other hand, Khawaja Nasir has taken a stand against this view and considers the existence of the Imam to be obligatory, not on religious reasons, but based on rationality and "rule of grace" he considers it obligatory on God. He also suggests that infallibility is essential for the Imam by presenting numerous rational proofs, also, if he performs evil acts, he should be prevented from doing so, and in this case, the purpose of existence of Imam will be violated and the Imam's position will be lower than other people's; therefore, the imam must be installed by God and his messenger, and this is the Nas. However, It is also unlikely that the Prophet would be silent about such danger according to the manner of the messenger of God.
seyed mohammadreza mirhaditafreshi; Ali Karbalaei Pazoki
Abstract
.چکیده :کتاب «قرآن، یک دائرة المعارف» با سرویراستاری پروفسور الیورلیمن معروف به « دائرة المعارف قرآنی الیورلیمن » به تحقیق پیرامون موضوعات قرآنی پرداخته تا ...
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.چکیده :کتاب «قرآن، یک دائرة المعارف» با سرویراستاری پروفسور الیورلیمن معروف به « دائرة المعارف قرآنی الیورلیمن » به تحقیق پیرامون موضوعات قرآنی پرداخته تا به عنوان یک منبع در اختیار دانش پژوهان و محققان قرار گیرد (رضایی اصفهانی،1388،ص31). این دایره المعارف با همکاری نویسندگانی با عقائد و باور های مختلف بلکه متضاد تالیف و تهیه شده است. برخی از آنان مسلمان، عدهای غیرمسلمان، و گروهی به هیچ چیز اعتقاد ندارند. به علاوه آنکه همه موضوعات و مسائل مربوط به قرآن در این دایره المعارف آورده نشده و به ادعای سرویراستار آن هدف، پرداختن به مهمترین مفاهیم و موضوعات قرآنی بوده است که تایید یا رد این ادعا در این مقاله نمی گنجد و پژوهش و تحقیق مستقل دیگری را می طلبد. از جمله موضوعاتی که این دائرةالمعارف به آن پرداخته، آیۀ مباهله (آل عمران/61)است که توسط یکی از نویسندگان این کتاب، به نام رفیق بُرجک بطور خلاصه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است.این مقاله در پی نقد و بررسی دیدگاههای این دائرةالمعارف در رابطۀ با آیۀ مباهله است که به قلم نویسندۀ یاد شده به رشتۀ تحریر درآمده است.
said khodadadi; mohammadali rezaii; mogtaba gharabaghi; said mohamadpor
Abstract
One of the most important theological debates is the issue of scientific Qaza and Qadar (Divine Decree and Predestination) and its incompatibility with Bada’ (alteration in the divine will). Some popular scholars believe that there will never be a change in God's Qaza and Qadar because they consider ...
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One of the most important theological debates is the issue of scientific Qaza and Qadar (Divine Decree and Predestination) and its incompatibility with Bada’ (alteration in the divine will). Some popular scholars believe that there will never be a change in God's Qaza and Qadar because they consider this to be contrary to God's knowledge. In contrast to this group, the Imamiyyah believe in the change of God's Qaza and Qadar, because according to them, Qaza and Qadar are of two types: Absolute Qaza and Qadar; Conditional Qaza and Qadar; therefore, what the Imamiyyah believes in is the conditional Qaza and Qadar by God, which is also compatible with the doctrine of Bada’ or change of predestination. Since there is a difference of opinion among Muslim theologians about the doctrine of Bada and its connection with God's Qaza and Qadar, therefore, in this article, the views of the parties (Fariqain) on this issue have been examined. The method of this research is descriptive-analytical, and based on it, it has been shown that the approach of Sunni scholars to this issue is not the same. Some of them, emphasizing the literal meaning of Bada’, consider it opposite to Qaza and Qadar, and another group of Sunni scholars, such as the Imamiyyah, divide Qaza and Qadar into two absolute and conditional types. Based on this point of view, it should occur in the conditional part and there is evidence for it in the verses and hadiths.
Fahime Maghferat; Abbasali Farahati
Abstract
The first person, after the Holy Qur'an and the Messenger of God (PBUH), who spoke in the field of theology and raised and expressed theological topics, and his words became the source of this science, is Amirul Momineen Imam Ali (peace be upon him). By examining the different views of scholars, especially ...
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The first person, after the Holy Qur'an and the Messenger of God (PBUH), who spoke in the field of theology and raised and expressed theological topics, and his words became the source of this science, is Amirul Momineen Imam Ali (peace be upon him). By examining the different views of scholars, especially Sunni scholars, and examining the historical circumstances of the three caliphs from the confessions of the Sunnis and Mu'tazila, this claim can be confirmed. The infallible imams (peace be upon them) are among the first students of theological and theological sciences of Amir al-Mu'minin (peace be upon them), and after them, their students are Muslim scholars and theologians. Except for the Shiite thinkers, who are influenced by Imam (a.s.), in this article, by examining the works of Muslim scholars and theologians from the Sunnis, Mu'tazila and Ash'arites, their direct or indirect influence on the revealed teachings of the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali (a.s.) Assalam) has been paid. By examining the views of Sunni theologians such as Jahiz Basri, Abul Hasan Ash'ari, Qazi Abdul Jabbar, Fakhr Razi and Ghazali, the conclusion is reached that they are indebted to Amir al-Mu'minin Imam Ali (peace be upon him) in their theological views.
